religion. His outline of a history of English prose has yet to be examined seriously by literary historians. When, for example, Bacon says: “Then grew the learning of the Schoolmen to be utterly despised as barabarous” he does not say that he himself despises it. He has no respect for the ornate and affected eloquence that was currently trumped up. After this outline of some of the features of applied knowledge in Bacon’s medievalism, it is time to consider some of the applications of print technology to individual and national life. And here it is necessary to consider writers and the vernaculars as shaped by the new extension of the visual image by means of the press. Some writers have recently suggested that we can almost regard the whole of creative writing since the Renaissance as